Proposing the study
You will use the hypothesis in your introduction to determine what type of study you will design. If your hypothesis predicts merely a relationship between two variables, you will be designing a correlational study. If your hypothesis predicts that one variable causes or affects another variable (and you can ethically and practically manipulate that first variable), then you will be designing an experiment.
For a correlational study:
Using your specific prediction from your literature review you will be designing a correlational study to test your prediction. Remember, in a correlational study all you are doing is measuring your variables….there will be no conditions or manipulations! For example, say your lit review topic was pet attachment and how it relates to your romantic relationship and you specifically predicted that couples who are more closely matched in their attachment to their pet enjoy higher relationship satisfaction. The two variables to measure for this correlational method will be pet attachment and relationship satisfaction. All you will need to do is give all your participant couples a measure (survey) of pet attachment and a measure (survey) of their relationship satisfaction. That’s it! So the method section will be just a description of what you will be doing.
In your paper, address the following, in this order, in APA style:
Include a complete Method section.
Participants
How many?
What are your expected demographics?
To what population is the prediction being generalized?
How is the sample being recruited? Incentives for participation?
Design
You will be designing a correlational study. State explicitly.
What is your predictor variable? What is your criterion variable (the variable being predicted)?
How will you operationally define these two variables?
In your operational definitions, you should use an established measure if one exists (use the library database or other databases to find measures already in use) or you can come up with your own original way to assess/measure the variables. If you use measures in existence, BE SURE to cite your source! Remember that your operational definition refers to how you will be measuring the variables.
Procedure
Start at participant recruitment and finish when participants leave the study.
Include enough detail that someone else can replicate your study.
You must also include a statement describing the measures you have taken to ensure that your study is in compliance with APA guidelines for ethical research.
Measures (for each measure, you must include the following)
Name of measure, abbreviation, and citation (if published scale; if you’re making up the scale, then no citation necessary)
What does the measure assess?
How many items or questions?
Are there subscales? If so, what are they?
What is the response set? Open-ended or Likert? Open-ended is like short answer or essay style, while Likert is choosing a provided response (ex: 1 = strongly disagree; 7 = strongly agree).
Include 1 or 2 sample items or questions.
If you are creating your own measure, attach a completed example of your measure (items/questions and answer choices) with your paper.
Give a brief discussion section.
Restate hypothesis.
Assume you collect and analyze the data for this study and find a correlation coefficient of + or – .72, confirming your hypothesis. What does this mean? (Remember that you won’t actually be collecting data. Just pretend as if you did.)
Since this is a correlational study, you cannot make causal claims.
For an experiment:
Using your specific prediction from your literature review you will be designing an experimental study to test your prediction. Remember, in an experiment you have at least two conditions (groups) and you manipulate your independent variable between these groups. For example, say your lit review topic was does watching violent cartoons affect a child’s behavior and you specifically predicted that children who watch violent cartoons will exhibit more aggressive behavior than those who do not. The variable to manipulate is type of cartoon (violent or non-violent) and the dependent variable (the variable you are interested in and are measuring) is the child’s behavior after watching TV. All you will need to do is manipulate your independent variable and then measure your dependent variable. That’s it!
In your paper, address the following, in this order, in APA style:
Include a complete Method section.
Participants
How many?
To what population is the prediction being generalized?
How is the sample being recruited?
What are your expected demographics?
Incentives for participation?
Design
Experimental design
What are your independent and dependent variables?
What are the operational definitions for these variables?
For IV: How are you manipulating the variable? Describe the different groups or conditions.
For DV: How are you measuring this variable? Be specific.
Procedure
Start at participant recruitment and finish when participants leave the study.
Include enough detail that someone else can replicate your study.
You must also include a statement describing the measures you have taken to ensure that your study is in compliance with APA guidelines for ethical research.
Measures (for each measure, you must include the following)
Name of measure, abbreviation, and citation (if published scale; if you’re making up the scale, then no citation necessary)
What does the measure assess?
How many items or questions?
Are there subscales? If so, what are they?
What is the response set? Open-ended or Likert? Open-ended is like short answer or essay style, while Likert is choosing a provided response (ex: 1 = strongly disagree; 7 = strongly agree).
Include 1 or 2 sample items or questions.
If you are creating your own measure, attach a completed example of your measure (items/questions and answer choices) with your paper.
Give a brief discussion section.
Restate hypothesis.
Assume you collect and analyze the data for this study and find a significant difference between your groups. Describe what type of analysis you would have used (t-test or ANOVA depending on the number of groups). Which groups differed? What does this mean? (Remember that you won’t actually be collecting data. Just pretend as if you did.)
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